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【摘要】I recently traveled to Sweden and Norway on a study-tour focusing on technological innovation and industrial competitiveness. According to the IMF, Sweden's per capita GDP reached USD47,667 in 2010 and Norway's stood at USD84,543, an astonishing level of economic development. The puzzle is that despite a strong welfare state, large salaries, a low unemployment rate, a heavy burden of taxation, and a high degree of income equality, their industries remain internationally competitive and their technological innovations are globally influential.